See krowa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krówka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "krowa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "krowa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kòrva",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱerh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kárˀwāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kòrva\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowa\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"cow\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"krowa\" id=\"Old_Polish:_cow\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1174"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1174",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva. First attested in 1174.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (related adjective krowi)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krowa",
"10": "krowę",
"11": "krowie",
"12": "-",
"13": "-",
"14": "-",
"15": "-",
"16": "-",
"17": "-",
"18": "krowach",
"19": "-",
"2": "-",
"20": "-",
"21": "-",
"3": "krowy",
"4": "krowy",
"5": "krowu",
"6": "krów",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"9": "-"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinoga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinożyna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowisz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderski"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowodrze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krówka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cow that gives milk",
"text": "mleczna krowa",
"translation": "cow that gives milk"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1387], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 18, Poznań:",
"text": "Czso Katherzina crowe zastala, to ne bila yey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 295, Poznań:",
"text": "Ta crowa, czso Czestkoui *vcardzona, tey Jacusz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 283, Poznań:",
"text": "Jako Maczey ne vcradl Voynovi crovi, ale yø nalasl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1395], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1760, Pyzdry; Gniezno; Kościan:",
"text": "Czo Szorbe crowi *vcragzoni, tich *Wafzrinecz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), numbers 67, 33, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:",
"text": "Tarzi zwerze trzczane sgromadzene iunczow wkrowach ludzskich bichø wicysnøly ie gisz kuszeni sø srzebrem",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1888 [1410], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 52:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1631, Płońsk:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1872 [XV in.], Konstanty Małkowski, editor, Przegląd najdawniejszych pomników języka polskiego, page 118:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1621, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne wzøl Gethce *dyww croww za dwe cope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1413], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1953, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne winowata[…] [cz]tirdzesanth grossy przes thwv [z]a crowø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
74
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1417], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 926, Poznań:",
"text": "Taco mu pomoz bog[…], yaco ne slubowal kmothouiczem[…] zaplaczycz dw krowu, yaco dwe kope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1419], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1046, Poznań:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1420], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume VIIIa, page 151:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1423], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 46, Warsaw:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1495, Poznań:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
],
[
143,
148
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2808, Warsaw:",
"text": "Staszek o thø krziwdø oth Abrama wstal, eze gemv krowø wzøl we dwnaczcye groszv cinszv, a on gemv[…] cinsz dawal, a on go nye chcyal wzøcz ani krowi wroczicz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1496, Poznań:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1431], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 313, Warsaw:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1879 [1440], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis, Masovia, page LXXXII:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
89
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 196r:",
"text": "Vacca est quoddam animal brutum inde vacula diminutivum Vacca mulsaria vlg. mleczna krowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1445], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 747, Warsaw:",
"text": "Pauel ne cradne ve xanzey zemy any cradzoney crowy lyczem wroczyl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
351,
356
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 113:",
"text": "ITem Gdi ktori przebivacz Myesczanyn albo vyesnyanin poddanyecz oboyey stroni xanschtwa w gymyenyu wswem Iako yest w zyczye lankach albo w dzyedzinye zapowyedzyaney Nyektorego czlowyeka drugego xanschtwa bidl rogate albo nyerogate naydzye albo powsczyangnye ma ye zayąncz A on cziye bandzye bidlo ot kaliszdego konya yeden grosch A ot koliszdego volu krowi albo Skoczyąnczya polgroschea A ot [trzech] cztirzech ovyecz yeden grosch Takyesch ot cztirzech koos ot cztirzech swyny I ot cztirzech gansy po yednemu groschu zaplacz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
99,
104
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 19, 2:",
"text": "ten to iest zakon obyati geszto iest vstavil bog przikasz synom Israelskim acz prziwyodø przed czø krowø czirwonø czalego wyekv na nyezeto nyebilobi nyzadnye pokalanye any noszila yarzma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 22:",
"text": "Akazal dwye krowye tuczny zabycz acztirzi skopi akazal prziprauicz godi wyelebne wszem swim søsyadom yprzyiacyelyom",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
168,
172
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Esdr”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 66-67:",
"text": "Aktorzi bily przisly z iøczstwa ofyerowaly ebyetø panu bogu israhelskemv bikow XII zawszitek israhel Skopow sescz a osmdzesyøt baranow LXXII a za zbawyenye swich duszi krow XII wszitko ku sluszbye bozey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1460], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 41:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1487:",
"text": "Krowa vacca",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1493], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya yemv crovy czyrvoney ne vkradl anym yey do domv wyodl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1497], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakosmy byly przy thym lythkupye[…], jsze Adam[…] kupyl psthra krową",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "Vacca crowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
44
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1500], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 39:",
"text": "Nye kradnye w szyemy ksyaschaczey kony, crow, wolow, any do Rvsy vydava",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-zlw-opl-noun-20r2MhOb",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia) cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
66
]
],
"ref": "1878-1889 [1174], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume IV, Kujavia, Masovia, page 349:",
"text": "Contulimus eis beneficium ad magnum sal in Kraco[a]via, quod croua vlg. vocatur",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
112
]
],
"ref": "1867 [1266], Monografia opactwa cystersów we wsi Mogile, volume II, number 27, Mogiła Abbey:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] reddendo in pe petuum ab his servitiis et solutionibus, stan videlicet, strosa, povoz, crova, ovis, bobri[…] semper immunes, liberos et exemptos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"ref": "1853 [1287], Antoni Muczkowski, Leon Ryszczewski, editors, Codex diplomaticus Poloniae [Diplomatic code of Poland], volume III, page 149:",
"roman": "Facimus […] omnes […] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroża […] , krowa, bobry […] liberos",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"translation": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"ref": "1874 [1295], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume I, page 136:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1297], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume II, Greater Poland, page 135:",
"text": "Absolventes incolas ipsarum villarum[…] ab omnibus solu cionibus, serviciis, exactionibus et oppressionibus[…], scilicet[…] naraz, crova, ofza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1350], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume III, Greater Poland, page 9:",
"text": "Confirmamus omnes libertates[…] absolventes[…] incolas ipsarum villarum […] ab omnibus serviciis[…], scilicet a powoz[…], a bove, a krowa, ab owcza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"id": "en-krowa-zlw-opl-noun-49hsJZXu",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"tribute",
"tribute"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Krowa"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱer- (grow)",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (head)",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with homophones",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"szl:Cattle",
"szl:Female animals",
"szl:Female people",
"zlw-opl:Cattle",
"zlw-opl:Female animals"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krowne"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "krówka"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "krowa"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "krowa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*kòrva",
"id": "cow",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱerh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kárˀwāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kòrva\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowa\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"cow\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"krowa\" id=\"Old_Polish:_cow\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1174"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1174",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *kòrva. First attested in 1174.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krowi",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "zlw-opl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "krów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "krowi"
},
"expansion": "krowa f (related adjective krowi)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krowa",
"10": "krowę",
"11": "krowie",
"12": "-",
"13": "-",
"14": "-",
"15": "-",
"16": "-",
"17": "-",
"18": "krowach",
"19": "-",
"2": "-",
"20": "-",
"21": "-",
"3": "krowy",
"4": "krowy",
"5": "krowu",
"6": "krów",
"7": "-",
"8": "-",
"9": "-"
},
"name": "zlw-opl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowica"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicka"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowicki"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowik"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinoga"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowinożyna"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowisz"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderska"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowoderski"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krowodrze"
},
{
"tags": [
"proper-noun"
],
"word": "Krówka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with collocations",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "cow that gives milk",
"text": "mleczna krowa",
"translation": "cow that gives milk"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1387], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 18, Poznań:",
"text": "Czso Katherzina crowe zastala, to ne bila yey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 295, Poznań:",
"text": "Ta crowa, czso Czestkoui *vcardzona, tey Jacusz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 283, Poznań:",
"text": "Jako Maczey ne vcradl Voynovi crovi, ale yø nalasl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"ref": "1887, 1889 [1395], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume II, number 1760, Pyzdry; Gniezno; Kościan:",
"text": "Czo Szorbe crowi *vcragzoni, tich *Wafzrinecz vszitka ne ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
50
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), numbers 67, 33, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:",
"text": "Tarzi zwerze trzczane sgromadzene iunczow wkrowach ludzskich bichø wicysnøly ie gisz kuszeni sø srzebrem",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1888 [1410], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 52:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1631, Płońsk:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"ref": "1872 [XV in.], Konstanty Małkowski, editor, Przegląd najdawniejszych pomników języka polskiego, page 118:",
"text": "Jaroslawa wsala Janowi dwe crowe przes prawa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1411], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1621, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne wzøl Gethce *dyww croww za dwe cope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1413], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1953, Płońsk:",
"text": "Yacom ya ne winowata[…] [cz]tirdzesanth grossy przes thwv [z]a crowø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
69,
74
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1417], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 926, Poznań:",
"text": "Taco mu pomoz bog[…], yaco ne slubowal kmothouiczem[…] zaplaczycz dw krowu, yaco dwe kope",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1419], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1046, Poznań:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1420], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume VIIIa, page 151:",
"text": "Xącz dzekan wsąl przes prawa[…] Micolayewy[…] crową, yaco poltori grzywni",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1423], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 46, Warsaw:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1495, Poznań:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
54
],
[
143,
148
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2808, Warsaw:",
"text": "Staszek o thø krziwdø oth Abrama wstal, eze gemv krowø wzøl we dwnaczcye groszv cinszv, a on gemv[…] cinsz dawal, a on go nye chcyal wzøcz ani krowi wroczicz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1959 [1428], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1496, Poznań:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
29
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1431], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 313, Warsaw:",
"text": "Stanislaw nye ucradl[…] crowy any yey vszithcu ma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1879 [1440], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis, Masovia, page LXXXII:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
89
]
],
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 196r:",
"text": "Vacca est quoddam animal brutum inde vacula diminutivum Vacca mulsaria vlg. mleczna krowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1445], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 747, Warsaw:",
"text": "Pauel ne cradne ve xanzey zemy any cradzoney crowy lyczem wroczyl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
351,
356
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 113:",
"text": "ITem Gdi ktori przebivacz Myesczanyn albo vyesnyanin poddanyecz oboyey stroni xanschtwa w gymyenyu wswem Iako yest w zyczye lankach albo w dzyedzinye zapowyedzyaney Nyektorego czlowyeka drugego xanschtwa bidl rogate albo nyerogate naydzye albo powsczyangnye ma ye zayąncz A on cziye bandzye bidlo ot kaliszdego konya yeden grosch A ot koliszdego volu krowi albo Skoczyąnczya polgroschea A ot [trzech] cztirzech ovyecz yeden grosch Takyesch ot cztirzech koos ot cztirzech swyny I ot cztirzech gansy po yednemu groschu zaplacz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
99,
104
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 19, 2:",
"text": "ten to iest zakon obyati geszto iest vstavil bog przikasz synom Israelskim acz prziwyodø przed czø krowø czirwonø czalego wyekv na nyezeto nyebilobi nyzadnye pokalanye any noszila yarzma",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 22:",
"text": "Akazal dwye krowye tuczny zabycz acztirzi skopi akazal prziprauicz godi wyelebne wszem swim søsyadom yprzyiacyelyom",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
168,
172
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Esdr”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 8, 66-67:",
"text": "Aktorzi bily przisly z iøczstwa ofyerowaly ebyetø panu bogu israhelskemv bikow XII zawszitek israhel Skopow sescz a osmdzesyøt baranow LXXII a za zbawyenye swich duszi krow XII wszitko ku sluszbye bozey",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1460], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 41:",
"text": "O kthorø crowø[…] Vitek na mø szalowal, they ya w swem domu nye mam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1487:",
"text": "Krowa vacca",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1493], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya yemv crovy czyrvoney ne vkradl anym yey do domv wyodl",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
68
]
],
"ref": "1950 [1497], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1752, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakosmy byly przy thym lythkupye[…], jsze Adam[…] kupyl psthra krową",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "Vacca crowa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
44
]
],
"ref": "1908 [1500], Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, volume VIII, pages 2, 39:",
"text": "Nye kradnye w szyemy ksyaschaczey kony, crow, wolow, any do Rvsy vydava",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"Bos taurus",
"Bos taurus#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia) cow (adult female of the species Bos taurus)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Kuyavia Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
66
]
],
"ref": "1878-1889 [1174], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume IV, Kujavia, Masovia, page 349:",
"text": "Contulimus eis beneficium ad magnum sal in Kraco[a]via, quod croua vlg. vocatur",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
112
]
],
"ref": "1867 [1266], Monografia opactwa cystersów we wsi Mogile, volume II, number 27, Mogiła Abbey:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] reddendo in pe petuum ab his servitiis et solutionibus, stan videlicet, strosa, povoz, crova, ovis, bobri[…] semper immunes, liberos et exemptos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"ref": "1853 [1287], Antoni Muczkowski, Leon Ryszczewski, editors, Codex diplomaticus Poloniae [Diplomatic code of Poland], volume III, page 149:",
"roman": "Facimus […] omnes […] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroża […] , krowa, bobry […] liberos",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"translation": "Diplomatic code of Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
97,
102
]
],
"ref": "1874 [1295], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume I, page 136:",
"text": "Facimus[…] omnes[…] incolas ville ab ahis solucionibus et seruiciis, videlicet powoz, stroza[…], croua, bobri[…] liberos",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
132,
137
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1297], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume II, Greater Poland, page 135:",
"text": "Absolventes incolas ipsarum villarum[…] ab omnibus solu cionibus, serviciis, exactionibus et oppressionibus[…], scilicet[…] naraz, crova, ofza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"english": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"ref": "1877-1999 [1350], Franciszek Piekosiński, Antoni Gąsiorowski, Henryk Kowalewicz, Ryszard Walczak, Tomasz Jasiński, Izabela Skierska, editors, Kodeks dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae [Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland], volume III, Greater Poland, page 9:",
"text": "Confirmamus omnes libertates[…] absolventes[…] incolas ipsarum villarum […] ab omnibus serviciis[…], scilicet a powoz[…], a bove, a krowa, ab owcza",
"translation": "Diplomatic Code of Greater Poland",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"tribute",
"tribute"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Kuyavia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cow tribute (tribute in the form of a cow)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/krɔva/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Krowa"
}
],
"word": "krowa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krowa meaning in Old Polish (20.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Kuyavia, Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland",
"path": [
"krowa"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "krowa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.